OCTN genes: Susceptibility genes for autoimmune diseases?
نویسنده
چکیده
El estudio genético de las enfermedades autoinmunes de base poligénica (artritis reumatoide, enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal, etc) ha evolucionado desde la identificación, mediante estudios de ligamiento, de regiones del genoma implicadas en la susceptibilidad, a la identificación dentro de esas zonas, mediante estudios de asociación, de las variantes concretas en genes específicos que están molecularmente relacionadas con la predisposición incrementada a la enfermedad. Una de las regiones que ha atraído más interés es 5q31, ligada a enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal y enfermedades alérgicas, puesto que en dicha región se encuentran los genes de importantes citocinas como IL4, IL5 e IL13. Un resultado sorprendente de los estudios de asociación que se hicieron a continuación, es que tanto en la enfermedad de Crohn como en la artritis reumatoide, los genes responsables presentes en la región resultaron ser, no esos genes de citocinas, sino dos transportadores de cationes orgánicos, OCTN1 y OCTN2, codificados por los genes SLC22A4 y SLC22A5, respectivamente, y para los que nadie había anticipado una función relevante en el sistema inmune. En los últimos dos años ha existido un animado debate en la literatura inmunogenética acerca de si realmente esos genes son los auténticamente responsables de la enfermedad, o si simplemente son arrastrados pasivamente en el cromosoma 5, por desequilibrio de ligamiento, con la variante etiológica, que aún permanecería por identificar. En la presente revisión, pretendemos dar un breve panorama del estado de la cuestión.
منابع مشابه
Evidence for association of OCTN genes and IBD5 with ulcerative colitis.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Genetic association between Crohn's disease (CD) and OCTN1 (SLC22A4) C1672T/OCTN2 (SLC22A5) G-207C variants in IBD5 has recently been reported. These genes encode solute carriers and the association was suggested to be distinct from the background IBD5 risk haplotype. There have been conflicting reports of the association between markers in the IBD5 region and ulcerative col...
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